Chapter 188, LIGHTING, OUTDOOR

[HISTORY: Adopted by the Board of Trustees of the Village of East Hampton 3-16-2004 by L.L. No. 4-2004. Amendments noted where applicable.]

§ 188-1.  Purpose and intent.

A. The general purpose of this chapter is to protect and promote the public health, safety and welfare, the quality of life, the Village's unique character, and the ability to view the night sky by establishing regulations and a process for review of exterior lighting.

B. This chapter establishes standards for exterior lighting in order to accomplish the following: 

(1) To provide safe roadways for motorists, cyclists and pedestrians;

(2) To protect against direct glare and excessive lighting;

(3) To ensure that sufficient lighting can be provided where needed to promote safety and security;

(4) To prevent light trespass in all areas of the Village;

(5) To protect and reclaim the ability to view the night sky;

(6) To allow the flexibility in the style of lighting fixtures;

(7) To provide lighting guidelines;

(8) To provide assistance to property owners; institutions; and county, state, and utility facilities in bringing nonconforming lighting into conformance with this chapter.

§ 188-2.  Definitions


Unless specifically defined below, words or phrases used in this chapter shall be interpreted so as to give them the meaning they have in common usage and to give this chapter its most reasonable application.

AREA LIGHT  -- A luminaire designed for illumination of a broad area. Area lights include, but are not limited to, streetlights, parking lot lights and yard lights over 1,800 lumens.      
       
AVERAGE HORIZONTAL FOOTCANDLE  -- The average level of illuminance for a given situation measured at ground level with the light meter placed parallel to the ground.      
       
ESSENTIAL LIGHTING  -- Light that is used for a specified period of time, which is necessary for location identification or public circulation purposes.      
       
EXCESSIVE LIGHTING  -- Illuminance levels beyond that which is required for safety, as recommended in IESNA Recommended Practices, or higher than 5 fc on any lit surface unless a higher level is indicated on the Table of Limits of Illumination Levels.      
       
EXTERIOR LIGHTING  -- Temporary or permanent lighting equipment that is installed, located or used in such a manner with the intention to cause light rays to shine outdoors.      
       
FIXTURE (also called "LUMINAIRE:)  -- The bulb and the assembly that holds the bulb (or lamp) in a lighting system, including reflecting elements, shielding elements, cover glass or lenses, the ballast, and the housing.      
       
FLOODLIGHT  -- A lamp or luminaire intended to light a large area, and which can produce light above the luminaire.      
       
FOOTCANDLE ("FC")  -- The basic unit of illuminance (the amount of light falling on a surface). Footcandle measurement is taken with a light meter. One footcandle is approximately equal to the illuminance produced by a light source of one candela in intensity, measured on a surface at a one foot distance from the source. Horizontal footcandles measure the illumination striking a horizontal plane. Footcandle values can be measured directly with certain handheld incident light meters.      
       
FULL CUTOFF  -- (FCO) A classification for a luminaire designed and installed where no light is emitted at or above a horizontal plane running through the lowest point on the luminaire. In addition, the luminous intensity (as measured in candelas) emitted at any angle from 80° up to 90° cannot exceed a numerical value equal to 10% of the lumen rating of the lamp, as reported in a photometric report from the manufacturer. A cutoff, or semi-cutoff design allows a restricted amount of light emitted above the horizontal and a non-cutoff provides no restriction against light emitted above the horizontal.      
       
FULLY SHIELDED  -- A luminaire constructed and installed in such a manner that all light emitted by it, either directly from the lamp or a diffusing element, or indirectly by reflection or refraction from any part of the luminaire, is projected below the horizontal. It is the same as a full cutoff luminaire but without any restrictions on light distribution below the horizontal plane, and it can be identified without a manufacturer's report.      
       
GLARE  -- The sensation produced by a bright source within the visual field that is sufficiently brighter than the level to which the eyes are adapted, which can cause annoyance, discomfort, or loss in visual performance and visibility. The magnitude of glare depends on such factors as the size, position, brightness of the source, and on the brightness level to which the eyes are adapted.      
       
HID LIGHTING  -- A family of bulb types known as "high intensity discharge," including high-pressure sodium, mercury vapor, and metal halide. These types require a warm-up time, usually require a ballast, and usually have a higher lumen output per watt than incandescent or halogen lamps.      
       
 HOLIDAY LIGHTING  -- Temporary strings of small individual lamps.      
       
ILLUMINANCE  -- The density of light falling on any point of a surface, usually measured in footcandles in the United States. See "footcandles."      
       
IESNA  -- Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IES or IESNA), an organization that establishes updated standards and illumination guidelines for the lighting industry.      
       
IESNA RECOMMENDED PRACTICES  -- The most current publications of the IESNA setting forth illuminance levels for different task areas, e.g. walkways, streets, sportslights, etc.      
       
LAMP  -- The generic term for an artificial light source, to be distinguished from the whole assembly (see "fixture"); commonly referred to as the "light bulb."              
LIGHT  -- The form of radiant energy acting on the retina of the eye to make sight possible.      
       
LIGHT POLLUTION  -- Any adverse effect of man-made light including but not limited to glare, light trespass, skyglow, visual clutter, wasted energy due to excessive or unnecessary lighting, or any man-made light that unnecessarily diminishes the ability to view the night sky or is disruptive to flora and fauna.      
       
LIGHT TRESPASS  -- Light projected onto the property of another or into the public right-of-way when it is not required or permitted to do so.      
       
LIGHTING ASSEMBLY  -- Any or all parts of a luminaire that function to produce light, including the bulb, assembly, ballast, mounting features and/or pole.             
LUMEN  -- A unit used to measure the actual amount of light that is produced by a bulb. The lumen quantifies the amount of light energy produced by a lamp at the lamp, not by the energy input, which is indicated by the wattage. For example, a 75-watt incandescent lamp can produce 1,000 lumens while a 70-watt high-pressure sodium lamp produces 6,000 lumens. Lumen output is listed by the manufacturer on the packaging.      
       
LUMINAIRE  -- The complete lighting assembly (including the lamp, housing, ballasts, photocells, reflectors, lenses and shields), less the support assembly (pole or mounting bracket); a light fixture. For purposes of determining total light output from a luminaire or light fixture, lighting assemblies which include multiple unshielded or partially shielded lamps on a single pole or standard shall be considered as a single unit.      
       
LUMINANCE  -- The brightness of a source of light.      
       
MAINTAINED ILLUMINANCE  -- The light levels that are produced by a lamp and luminaire after a period of time, taking the normal losses due to lamp aging and fixture dirt accumulation into account. This can be measured at any point in time, but is often defined at 40% of lamp life.      
       
MOUNTING HEIGHT  -- The distance from level ground to the lowest light-emitting part of the luminaire.      
       
NONESSENTIAL LIGHTING  -- Lighting for an intended purpose when that intended purpose is not taking place.      
       
PARTIALLY SHIELDED  -- A luminaire, which incorporates a partial shield around the lamp, concealing the lamp from view only in certain directions.      
       
PHOTOMETRICS  -- Technical test reports that indicate light distribution and performance from a luminaire. Photometric reports may include candlepower distribution data, cutoff classifications, isofootcandle charts, etc. These are generally available from the luminaire manufacturers.      
       
SKYGLOW  -- The overhead glow from light emitted sideways and upwards, including light reflected upward from the ground or other surfaces. Skyglow is caused by the reflection and scattering of various forms of light by dust, water, and other particles suspended in the atmosphere. Among other effects, skyglow reduces one's ability to view the night sky. Different sources of light, in equal quantities, can contribute differently to sky glow.      
       
TEMPORARY LIGHTING  -- Lighting that is intended to be used for a limited time and removed thereafter.      
       
UNIFORMITY RATIO (U RATIO)  -- A ratio that describes uniformity of illuminance across an area. The uniformity ratio may be a ratio of the maximum-to-minimum illuminance or the average-to-minimum illuminance. For example, if the Illuminating Engineering Society recommends an average-to-minimum ratio of 4:1 for a parking lot, the minimum illuminance should be no less than 1/4 of the average illuminance across the parking lot. 

§ 188-3.  Applicability.

A. All exterior luminaires, installed, replaced, or repaired after the effective date of this chapter, shall conform to the standards established by this chapter.

Unless specifically defined below, words or phrases used in this chapter shall be interpreted so as to give them the meaning they have in common usage and to give this chapter its most reasonable application.     
       
B. All existing residential, private commercial, institutional, and utility owned or operated exterior lighting lawfully installed prior to the effective date of this chapter, shall not cause light trespass and shall protect adjacent properties and beyond from glare and excessive lighting.     
       
C. Existing lighting in conflict with this chapter shall be classified as "nonconforming." All lighting existing or installed prior to the date of the adoption of this chapter which does not conform with the provisions of the chapter shall be exempt under the following conditions:     
       
(1) Lighting that violates the light trespass limits or creates a public nuisance or hazard can be ordered removed or altered at any time.     
       
(2) On the effective date of the chapter, any lighting installation which would comply by re-aiming of the fixture shall be brought in compliance with the terms of this chapter without delay.     
       
(3) Upon adoption of the chapter, with any repair or replacement of any nonconforming luminaire, or relocation of such luminaire, that luminaire shall be brought in compliance with the terms of the chapter at the completion of the repair or replacement.     
       
(4) Upon installation of any new luminaire, the provisions of this chapter shall fully apply. For nonresidential lighting, an inventory of existing lighting submitted to the Design Review Board by the applicant will be required when the application for installing new luminaire(s) is made.     
       
(5) Commercial lighting that cannot be turned off when not in use for essential lighting needs must be retrofitted with timer controls, or replaced.     

(6) Residential lighting shall be required to conform to the light trespass and glare provisions upon enactment of this chapter.    


§ 188-4.  Outdoor lighting standards.

A. General standards for nonresidential.     
       
(1) All exterior lighting shall be designed, located, and lamped in order to prevent:     
       
(a) Overlighting;     
       
(b) Energy waste;     
       
(c) Glare;     
       
(d) Light trespass; and     
       
(e) Unnecessary skyglow.       
       
(2) All nonessential exterior lighting shall be turned off within 1/2 hour after the close of business and/or when not in use. Lights that are controlled by photocells and timers are encouraged, as is the use of sensor-activated lights to replace existing lighting necessary for safety purposes.     
       
(3) Canopy lights, such as service station lighting, shall be fully recessed or fully shielded to prevent glare and light trespass.     
       
(4) Area lights. All area lights shall be full cutoff luminaires.     
       
(5) Long Island Power Authority, including its agents, shall not install, replace, re-lamp, nor repair any luminaires after the effective date of this chapter without first receiving prior approval for such installation by the Design Review Board.     
       
(6) Automatic teller machine (ATM) and other bank lighting shall be full cutoff and shall not cause glare or light trespass.     
       
(7) Unshielded wall packs and floodlights are not permitted.  

B. Type of luminaires for all exterior lighting. All exterior lighting shall use full cutoff luminaires, as determined by photometry test or certified by the manufacturer, with the light source directed downward and with the fixture level with the horizontal plane, with the following exceptions:     
       
(1) Unshielded residential luminaires equal to one 60-watt incandescent light per fixture, regardless of number of lamps, are allowed, provided the light trespass limitations are met.     
       
(2) Residential floodlights of less than 1,800 lumens (100 watt incandescent) are permitted if angled downward such that the center beam is not directed above a forty-five-degree angle measured from the vertical line from the center of the light to the ground, and only if the luminaire does not cause glare or light trespass, and beam spread beyond the intended target or across property lines. Photocells with operable timers that allow a light to go on at dusk and off by 11:00 p.m., as well as motion-sensor-activated lights are encouraged.     
       
(3) Holiday lighting installed and lit between November 15th and January 15th of the following year.     
       
(4) Residential sensor-activated luminaires, provided:     
       
(a) The luminaire is operational and located in such a manner, or shielded, to prevent glare and light trespass;     
       
(b) The luminaire is set to only go on when activated and to go off within five minutes after activation has ceased; and     
       
(c) The sensor shall not be triggered by activity off the property.       
       
(5) Vehicular lights and all temporary emergency lighting needed by the fire, ambulance, and police departments, or other emergency services are exempt.     
       
(6) Lighting of radio, communication and navigation towers is allowed, provided the owner or occupant demonstrates that the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations can only be met through the use of lighting that does not comply with this chapter, and that the provisions of this chapter are otherwise met. Tower lighting shall not be permitted unless required by the FAA; in which case, required lighting shall be of the lowest allowed intensity and red, unless specifically forbidden under FAA requirements.     
       
(7) Neon lights, searchlights, pulse and laser lights are prohibited. Blinking, tracing or flashing lights are prohibited.     
       
(8) Luminaires used for municipal playing fields may be exempt from the shielding requirements, provided all other provisions of this chapter are met and the light is used only while the field is in use. There shall be no lighting of private tennis courts or private basketball courts within the Village.     
       
(9) In situations of lighted flags which are not illuminated with "downward" lighting, upward lighting may be used in the form of a narrow cone spotlight which confines the illumination to the flag. Municipal flags are exempt from this requirement.     
       
(10) Sign lighting equipment, provided that the light falls entirely on the surface of the sign and no glare is visible from the property lines or from public streets. Top-mounted sign lights are encouraged.         
   

§ 188-5.  Placement and height of fixtures for all exterior lighting.

A. No luminaires shall be taller than 20 feet from the ground to their tallest point. Parking area lights are encouraged to be greater in number, lower in height and lower in light level, as opposed to fewer in number, higher in height and higher in light level.     
       
B. Luminaires for municipal streetlights and playing fields shall be exempt from the height restriction, provided all other provisions of this chapter are met.     
       
C. All residential, private commercial, institutional, and utility existing and/or new exterior lighting shall not cause light trespass and shall protect adjacent properties from glare and excessive lighting.     
       
D. Privately owned or leased light fixtures located on public utility poles or located in the public right-of-way are prohibited.

§ 188-6.  Illuminance and type of lamp for all nonresidential lighting.

A. No luminaire shall be located or concentrated so as to produce glare or direct illumination across the boundary property line, nor shall any such light be of such intensity as to create a nuisance or detract from the use and enjoyment of adjacent property. The maximum illuminance at or beyond the property line that adjoins a residential parcel or public right-of-way may not exceed 0.05 fc horizontal on the ground or 0.05 fc vertical measured at a five-foot height above the ground, unless another applicable law supersedes. Maximum horizontal or vertical illuminance allowed between adjacent commercial properties is 0.1 fc.     
       
B. The average illuminance levels listed in the Illumination Levels for Various Common Tasks, as provided in the IESNA Recommended Practices Guidelines, shall not be exceeded for nonresidential lighting unless otherwise specified or approved by the Design Review Board. The Village recognizes that not every situation will require lighting, and excessive or unnecessary light shall be avoided. Also, appropriate lighting levels are dependent upon the general nature of the surroundings and the Design Review Board may require more or less than those listed in the IESNA Recommended Practices Guidelines. Illuminance level measurements for parking lots, sidewalks, and other walkways shall include any light from nearby side-mounted building lights, freestanding sidewalk lights affected by side-mounted building lights, and streetlights. In no instance may any lighted surface, as installed, except for nonprofessional sports fields, exceed five footcandles, as measured horizontally or vertically by a light meter.     
       
C. High-pressure sodium shall be used for all light sources rated over 1,800 lumens. Low-pressure sodium, metal halide (MH) (unfiltered) and mercury vapor (MV) light sources are not permitted.     
       
D. Streetlights shall be full cutoff high-pressure sodium, low-pressure sodium, or fluorescent, unless otherwise determined that another type is more efficient. Streetlights along residential streets shall not exceed 70-watt high-pressure sodium (hps) light with a lumen output of 6,400. Streetlights along nonresidential streets or at intersections shall not exceed 150 watts hps each, with a lumen output of 1,600, except the lights at major intersections on state highways shall not exceed 250 watts hps. If a light type other than high-pressure sodium is permitted, then the equivalent output shall be the limit for that light type. Exception: replacements of "historic" municipal streetlights; e.g., if the luminaire is a historic or decorative luminaire which is part of a continuous lighting design where the replacement of the luminaire piecemeal with compliant luminaires would unacceptably degrade the aesthetic characteristics of the existing lighting design.  

§ 188-7.  Procedures for nonresidential lighting.

A. Any change or alteration of nonresidential exterior lighting must be approved by the Design Review Board and verified, post installation, by the Code Enforcement Officer, to insure compliance with all the provisions of this chapter. Where new installations have been designed by an illuminating engineer/professional, he or she shall also conduct a post-installation inspection to verify and certify that the installed system operates as designed.     
       
B. All applications for design review or site plan review, special exception permits, or building permits shall include lighting plans, luminaire and controls specifications and additional documentation, if any lighting is to be used, regardless of whether the lighting is preexisting or proposed, showing the following, if requested by the DRB, in order to verify that lighting conforms to the provisions of this chapter:     
       
(1) Location of each current and proposed outdoor lighting fixture indicated on a site plan.     
       
(2) Type of luminaire equipment, including cutoff characteristics, indicating manufacturer and model number.     
       
(3) Lamp source type, lumen output, and wattage.     

       
(4) Mounting height indicated, with distance noted to nearest property line, for each luminaire.     
       
(5) Shielding and all mounting details, including pole foundation description.     
       
(6) Initial illuminance levels as expressed in footcandle measurements on a grid of the site showing footcandle readings in every five foot square. The grid shall include light contributions from all sources (i.e., pole-mounted lights, wall-mounted lights, and signs, including streetlights).     
       
(7) Statement of the proposed hours when each luminaire will be operated.     
       
(8) Total exterior lighting lamp lumens for proposed property.     
       
(9) Lighting manufacturer specifications ("cut sheets") with photographs of the fixtures, indicating the cutoff characteristics of the luminaire.     
       
(10) Detailed photometric layout.     
       
(11) Types of timing devices used to control on/off.     
       
(12) If necessary, documentation by a lighting engineer showing that the provisions can only be met with a design that does not comply with this chapter.            
    Upon any such application, the Design Review Board may require all preexisting lighting to be changed to conform to all the provisions of this chapter.             
C. No exterior lighting shall be altered, enlarged, moved, improved, or converted unless it conforms to a lighting plan approved by the Design Review Board.     
D. The following guidelines will be made available to applicants to facilitate compliance:     
       
(1) Diagrams of generally acceptable and generally unacceptable light fixtures.     
       
(2) Diagrams of positioning of sign lights.     
       
(3) Various wattage/lumen conversions.     
 
(4) Latest version of Illumination Levels for Various Tasks, including uniformity ratios (from IESNA Recommended Practice Guidelines).     
       
(5) Diagram for setbacks for freestanding luminaires.     
       
(6) Educational/support information for the public.    

C. No exterior lighting shall be altered, enlarged, moved, improved, or converted unless it conforms to a lighting plan approved by the Design Review Board.     
       
D. The following guidelines will be made available to applicants to facilitate compliance:     
       
(1) Diagrams of generally acceptable and generally unacceptable light fixtures.     
       
(2) Diagrams of positioning of sign lights.     
       
(3) Various wattage/lumen conversions.     

(4) Latest version of Illumination Levels for Various Tasks, including uniformity ratios (from IESNA Recommended Practice Guidelines).     
       
(5) Diagram for setbacks for freestanding luminaires.     
       
(6) Educational/support information for the public.

§ 188-8.  Violations and legal actions.

A. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to install, alter, repair, move, equip, use or maintain any lighting in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter, or to fail in any manner to comply with a notice, directive or order of the Code Enforcement Officer.     
       
B. Any person who shall fail to comply with a written order of the Code Enforcement Officer within the time fixed for compliance therewith; and any owner, builder, architect, tenant, contractor, subcontractor, construction superintendent or their agents or any person taking part or assisting in the installation, alteration, repair, equipping, use or maintenance of any lighting in violation of any of the applicable provisions of this chapter or any lawful order, notice, directive, permit or certificate of the Code Enforcement Officer made hereunder shall commit a violation of this chapter. Any person, firm or corporation violating any of the provisions of this chapter shall, upon conviction thereof, be subject to a fine not exceeding the sum of $250 for any offense, and each day that a violation continues shall be deemed to constitute a separate offense. 


Guidelines for Outdoor Lighting
Village of East Hampton, New York
Guidelines for Outdoor Lighting
The Outdoor Lighting Chapter of the Village Code (Chapter 188) is intended to provide clear limits on excessive, misdirected, unshielded, or unnecessary outdoor illumination. This chapter establishes standards for exterior lighting in order to accomplish the following:
        
(1) To provide safe roadways for motorists, cyclists and pedestrians;    
        
(2) To protect against direct glare and excessive lighting;    
        
(3) To ensure that sufficient lighting can be provided where needed to promote safety and security;    
        
(4) To prevent light trespass in all areas of the Village;    
       
(5) To protect and reclaim the ability to view the night sky;    
        
(6) To allow the flexibility in the style of lighting fixtures;    
        
(7) To provide lighting guidelines;    
        
(8) To provide assistance to property owners; institutions; and county, state, and utility facilities in bringing nonconforming lighting into conformance with this chapter.    
 
The information in these Guidelines is provided to further aid compliance with Chapter 188 and is intended as a supplement to the Code.



Village of East Hampton, New York
Guidelines for Outdoor Lighting
The luminous intensity (measured in candelas) from 80° up to 90° cannot exceed 10% of the lumen rating of the bare lamp. [can-del-a (k2n-dul"...) n. Abbr. cd 1. A unit of luminous intensity equal to !/60 of the luminous intensity per square centimeter of a blackbody radiating at the temperature of solidification of platinum (2,046 °K).]
 
Full cutoff fixtures must also be installed correctly, so that the bottom of the fixture is level with the ground.

Examples of Acceptable/Unacceptable Lighting Fixtures


Village of East Hampton, New York
Guidelines for Outdoor Lighting


Calculating FCO* Fixture Placement to Prevent Light Trespass:
 
Freestanding luminaires on private property shall be mounted at a height (H) equal to or less than the sum of (D/3) + 3 = H, where D is the distance in feet to the nearest property boundary, but shall not be higher than 15 feet from ground level to the top of the luminaire, and not exceeding the height of the building, whichever is less. Low-mounted (less than four feet above ground) luminaires are not to exceed 400 lumens.
 
       
    Pole Height (H) Distance to Property Line    
       
    15 feet 36 feet (36/3 = 12 + 3 = 15)    
       
    12 feet 27 feet (27/3 = 9 + 3 = 12)    
       
    9 feet 18 feet (18/3 = 6 + 3 = 9)    
       
    6 feet 9 feet (9/3 = 3+3 = 6)    
 
Where:
H = Height of fixture
D = Distance to fixture from a property line
 
The formula:
 
H = 3 + D/3
 
is used to determine fixture placement and height.
 
Example 1: A fixture 15 feet inside a property line must be no higher than eight feet.
Example 2: A fixture atop a fifteen-foot pole would have to be 36 feet inside a property line.
 
*Assumes common full cut-off fixture with a symmetrical cutoff angle of 70°. Asymmetrical "sharp cutoff" FCO fixtures that have steeper cutoff angles at the "house side" may be placed closer to property boundaries provided their cutoff angles do not result in light trespass.

Village of East Hampton, New York
Guidelines for Outdoor Lighting

Table 1 Mounting Height/Lamp Output Recommendations

 Mounting Height (feet) Max Lumens    
     
    6      1,000    
       
    8      600 to 1,600    
       
    10   1,000 to 2,000    
       
    12   1,600 to 2,400    
       
    16   2,400 to 6,000    
       
    20   4,000 to 8,000    

Table 2
Mounting Height Recommendations Per Lamp Type
High Pressure Sodium
Wattage 100W 70W 50W 35W

Mounting heights >24 feet >20 feet >16 feet >12 feet
Initial lumens 9,500 6,300 3,600 2,025
Mean lumens 8,550 5,470 2,500 1,900
Lamp wattage 100 70 50 35
Circuit wattage 115 88 66 46
Initial lum/watt 73 72 61 49
Mean lum/watt 66 64 55 44
Annual KWH use 533 361 271 189
 
 Metal Halide (filtered)*

 Wattage 100W 70W 50W 32W    
       
Mounting heights >20 feet >16 feet >12 feet >10 feet
Initial lumens 9,000 5,500 3,500 2,500
Mean lumens 6,400 4,000 2,500 1,900
Lamp wattage 100 70 50 32
Circuit wattage ® 88 62 43
Initial lum/watt 78 63 56 58
Mean lum/watt 56 45 40 44
Annual KWH use 472 361 254 176
 
*This table is a guide to lumen output ranges only. Refer to the lamp manufacturer's data for specific lumen values.

Village of East Hampton, New York
Guidelines for Outdoor Lighting

Table of Limits of Illumination Targets for Various Common Tasks*

 
Task Average Maintained Illuminance (footcandles)    
       
    Parking lot 1.5    
       
    Active building entrance 5    
       
    Gas station approach or driveway 2    
       
    Gas station pump island 5    
       
    Gas station service area 3    
       
    Sidewalks and bikeways 1.5    
       
    Signs, measured vertically on the face of the sign   2 
       
    Nonprofessional sports field and Little League (according to requirements)  25
 
*The illuminances are average calculated values.
 
Existing guidelines for the Core Commercial area on the National Register of Historic Places: call for the use of incandescent lighting.



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